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The entry point to further shape the debates in the BRICS differ strongly among countries: e.g. building basic awareness in Russia; establishing a compelling case for sustainability in the financial sector in India; promoting a dialogue among regulators on ESR mechanisms and their introduction in South Africa; developing guidelines and standards for the implementation of the regulatory framework in Brazil; or refining the risk methodology and control framework for banks in China.
金磚國(guó)家進(jìn)一步討論的切入點(diǎn)也各不相同：如在俄羅斯應(yīng)該以培養(yǎng)基本意識(shí)為主；印度則是在金融部門確立一個(gè)有吸引力的可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式；南非應(yīng)該推動(dòng)監(jiān)管部門在ESR機(jī)制及其推行方面展開對(duì)話；巴西應(yīng)該制定監(jiān)管框架執(zhí)行的指導(dǎo)方針與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；中國(guó)應(yīng)完善銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理方法與控制框架。

The importance of ESR for financial regulation has been recognised by most of the experts interviewed for this report. Many also expressed the desire for more information exchange between BRICS and other emerging markets, as well as more support to commence or continue the development of national frameworks from international organisations (such as WWF).
本報(bào)告采訪的大多數(shù)專家均承認(rèn)ESR對(duì)金融監(jiān)管的重要性。許多人表示希望金磚國(guó)家與其他新興市場(chǎng)開展更多信息交流，并希望國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)（如世界自然基金會(huì)）能為國(guó)家框架的實(shí)施或繼續(xù)完善提供更多支持。

The acknowledgement of ESR in some of the BRICS regulation and the desire to deepen exchange offer opportunities to establish dialogue and cooperation that, considering the size and relevance of such countries, could lead to a global scale up of the issue.
對(duì)ESR在金磚國(guó)家銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管中的重要性的認(rèn)可，以及對(duì)加深交流的渴望，提供了建立對(duì)話與合作的機(jī)會(huì)，考慮到這幾個(gè)國(guó)家的規(guī)模與重要性，甚至可以將這個(gè)問(wèn)題擴(kuò)大到全世界。

Given the report findings, a possible scenario for a global scale-up of ESR based on the experience of BRICS countries could work as follows: at the national level, the association of banks and its members subscribe to ESR standards and the central banks make ESR part of the required disclosures. Publicly available information would allow academics and civil society to increase the awareness about particularly critical ecological or social issues and track these back to the financing activities. Increased transparency would also allow international comparisons and industry league tables.
根據(jù)報(bào)告的調(diào)查結(jié)果，依據(jù)金磚國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)將ESR問(wèn)題擴(kuò)大到全世界一種可行的情景是：在國(guó)家層面，銀行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)及其成員認(rèn)同ESR標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，央行將ESR作為規(guī)定披露內(nèi)容的一部分。公開信息可提高學(xué)術(shù)界與民間團(tuán)體對(duì)關(guān)鍵生態(tài)或社會(huì)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)，并將這些問(wèn)題追溯到融資活動(dòng)。提高透明度，還有助于進(jìn)行國(guó)際對(duì)比和行業(yè)排名。

A complementary approach to national regulation is to implement mandatory ESR control
mechanisms at the super-national level as part of a binding cross-country financial sector regulation, e.g. by integrating these into the Basel Accords, a set of international measures to regulate, supervise and manage risk of the banking sector. Finally, at the international level, development banks and international funds could increase subsidizing or de-risking ecologically and socially sustainable investments.
對(duì)國(guó)家監(jiān)管的補(bǔ)充措施是在超國(guó)家層面執(zhí)行強(qiáng)制性的ESR控制機(jī)制，作為一項(xiàng)有法律約束力的跨國(guó)金融部門監(jiān)管措施，如在提出一系列銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)督管理國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的《巴塞爾協(xié)議》中納入ESR控制機(jī)制。最后，在國(guó)際層面，發(fā)展銀行和國(guó)際基金可以加大對(duì)生態(tài)或社會(huì)可持續(xù)性投資項(xiàng)目的資助或去風(fēng)險(xiǎn)化。

Some of the BRICS regulators and regulatory experts interviewed had reservations when it comes to amending banking regulation, but they were not necessarily negative. They pointed out that before anchoring such principles in a Basel-like framework, a compelling fact base and empirical evidence would need to be produced showing that there is a correlation between environmental and social risk and the probability of financial loss or, more broadly, with the systemic stability of the financial system. It was further noted that the systematic collection and storage of credit loss data and credit histories (including ESR parameters) would be important for such evidence, but it is likely that much of the relevant credit history is currently not even being recorded systematically at the bank level.
部分接受采訪的金磚國(guó)家監(jiān)管部門和監(jiān)管專家對(duì)修改銀行業(yè)規(guī)定持保留態(tài)度，但這種態(tài)度并不代表否定。他們指出，在確立類似于《巴塞爾協(xié)議》的框架之前，需要有說(shuō)服力的事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)性證據(jù)，證明環(huán)境和社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的可能性或更廣泛地說(shuō)，與金融系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性存在相關(guān)性。此外，信貸損失數(shù)據(jù)與信貸記錄（包括ESR參數(shù)）的系統(tǒng)性收集和存儲(chǔ)是獲得上述證據(jù)至關(guān)重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，但目前銀行甚至并沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)性地記錄大多數(shù)相關(guān)信貸記錄。