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大城市公交評價體系和公交競爭力指數(shù)研究
Research on Public Transport Evaluation System and Public Transport Competitiveness Index of Big Cities

摘要：公交評價指標研究一直是學界探討的熱點，然而已有研究側重于從服務水平層面探討公交的評價指標，無法全面、綜合地反映公共交通發(fā)展狀況。針對這一問題，從國家戰(zhàn)略、交通規(guī)劃、交通運作和乘客感受四方面出發(fā)構建城市公交評價指標體系，給出指標具體計算方法。對指標進行標準評分，進而構建公交競爭力指數(shù)及計算模型，便于從整體把握公共交通發(fā)展程度以及同類城市間進行比較。最后，以北京、上海、廣州3個特大城市為例，計算各指標評分及公交競爭力指數(shù)，結果與交通實際狀況較為吻合，驗證了評價方法的可靠性。
Abstract: Research on public transport evaluation indexes is a hot topic of the academic circle. Nevertheless, the exiting studies place particular emphasis on discussing the evaluation indexes of public transport from the service level and cannot reflect the development of public transport in a comprehensive and integrated way. For this reason, this paper builds an evaluation index system of urban public transport from four aspects: national strategy, transport planning, transport operation and passenger experience, and provides a concrete index calculation method. It conducts standard evaluation on the indexes and then constructs the public transport competitiveness index and calculation model, so as to understand the development of public transport as a whole and compare cities of the same kind. Finally, the paper takes the three megacities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as examples and calculates the scores of each index as well as the public transport competitiveness index. The results are quite consistent with the actual transport situations, thereby validating the reliability of the evaluation method.