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中國擁有歷史悠久的、非常豐富的街道生活。在北京的某個角落，仍能找到街道生活的痕跡 —— 一群上年紀(jì)的大爺們聚在一起下象棋，家人們坐在商店或餐館外的石頭臺階上，享受著徐徐晚風(fēng)，看著孩子們在玩耍，年輕的情侶們吃著烤肉串，喝著青島啤酒。但隨著超大社區(qū)與日俱增，以車為本的規(guī)劃使得街道越來越寬，偏離人的尺度，中國越來越多的街道生活都被迫轉(zhuǎn)移到了大型商場內(nèi)或封閉的社區(qū)內(nèi)，或者干脆消失不見了。更糟糕的是，有限的空間又被用來開發(fā)公共廣場，而這種廣場往往又不是根據(jù)人的尺度設(shè)計的。根據(jù)William H. Whyte的觀察，“要設(shè)計一個不吸引人的空間很難，令人驚訝的是這樣的事卻時發(fā)生。”

With the State Council’s new urban development guidelines, China will have to shift from building huge superblocks with private courtyards to smaller blocks with public spaces. New developments are restricted from having private courtyards and existing gated communities are expected to eventually have their gates “torn down.” While public sentiment and local government action will determine how this becomes implemented, the State Council’s new guidelines signal a step in the right direction to providing more publicly accessible green spaces and plazas. A scan of Chinese news regarding public spaces is filled with online debates concerning “who” certain spaces belong to. For example, a recent hot debate is over a private developer’s aims to convert a public courtyard in Chaoyang District of Beijing to a “private garden” that would also block roads and paths for the other residents in favor of an elite group of “multi-story Western flat” owners.

隨著中國國務(wù)院發(fā)布了《進(jìn)一步加強城市規(guī)劃建設(shè)管理工作的若干意見》，中國必將由原來的超大社區(qū)配備私家庭院的開發(fā)模式轉(zhuǎn)向小型社區(qū)配備公共空間的開發(fā)模式。新開發(fā)項目將限制私家庭院的建設(shè)，已有的封閉社區(qū)則將逐步打開大門。當(dāng)然，公眾的態(tài)度和地方政府的行動都將影響該《意見》的實施，但無論怎樣，《意見》給出了正確的方向，城市需要提供更多的、可達(dá)性好的綠色空間和廣場。針對公共空間的媒體報道大量集中在公共空間的歸屬問題上，網(wǎng)上也有很多爭論。例如，目前爭議比較大的一個例子是，一個開發(fā)商想把一個本來是北京市朝陽區(qū)的公共院子改造成為一個服務(wù)于多層西式平層社區(qū)的私人花園，但這樣會阻斷社區(qū)其他居民的通行。

Beyond the challenge of determining how much and where public space should be allocated lies another challenge – helping landscape architects work with the best design principles to create lively and attractive public spaces. Planners and designers must take into account China’s unique cultural and demographic situation. As Jan Gehl and William H. Whyte did much painstaking anthropological, statistical, and analytical work to understand public spaces in Copenhagen and New York, local ethnographers, planners, and citizens must do the same in China.

除了公共空間應(yīng)該設(shè)置多大以及選址的問題之外，另一個挑戰(zhàn)就是幫助景觀設(shè)計師掌握最好的設(shè)計原理，設(shè)計出具有活力和吸引力的公共空間。規(guī)劃師和設(shè)計師必須考慮到中國所特有的文化特性和人口特征。就像揚·蓋爾(Jan Gehl) 和 威廉·懷特（William H. Whyte）在研究哥本哈根和紐約的公共空間時做過的繁復(fù)的人類學(xué)、統(tǒng)計學(xué)以及分析工作一樣，中國的規(guī)劃師和設(shè)計師也需要開展同樣的工作。