譯文摘錄：
Fiscal Policies Supporting Renewable Energy in the United States: A Brief Survey
美國(guó)可再生能源配套財(cái)政政策簡(jiǎn)介
Recent renewable energy development in the United States has been motivated by a mix of federal- and state-level fiscal and regulatory policies. These policies are varied and diverse, especially among states, and are not summarized in their entirety here. Instead, the following brief summary focuses on the subset of state and federal policies that have played the largest role in the recent growth of renewable energy use and manufacturing in the United States. The emphasis of this summary is on fiscal policies, though state-level renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are also mentioned due to their importance. Policies that have played prominent roles in the past, but that are no longer primary drivers for growth, are not discussed here; a wide variety of regulatory policies (other than RPS’) are also excluded.
在美國(guó)的聯(lián)邦級(jí)與州級(jí)財(cái)政和監(jiān)管政策的推動(dòng)下，美國(guó)的可再生能源開(kāi)發(fā)在近期得到快速發(fā)展。上述政策，尤其是州級(jí)政策種類較多，本文未全部涉及。本文將主要對(duì)在美國(guó)近期可再生能源利用與開(kāi)發(fā)方面發(fā)揮主要作用的聯(lián)邦級(jí)和州級(jí)政策進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)。本文將著重介紹財(cái)政政策，但鑒于州級(jí)可再生能源配額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（RPS）的重要性，本文也對(duì)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹。對(duì)于曾經(jīng)發(fā)揮過(guò)重要作用，但在可再生能源發(fā)展過(guò)程中無(wú)法繼續(xù)發(fā)揮主要推動(dòng)作用的政策，本文不做贅述；本文也未包括各監(jiān)管政策（RPS除外）。
In summary, the primary drivers for renewable energy development in the U.S. in recent years have included, at the federal level: the production tax credit (PTC), investment tax credit (ITC), and Treasury Grant Program; and accelerated tax depreciation. At the state level, the primary drivers for renewable energy development have included state-level RPS programs as well as a variety of state-level cash incentive programs. In addition to these programs, several other federal and state programs are also summarized here, each of which is intended – in part – to support domestic manufacturing of renewable energy equipment: (1) the federal loan guarantee program; (2) the federal manufacturing tax credit; (3) state and local fiscal incentives to encourage the manufacturing of renewable energy equipment; and (4) federal and state R&D funding.
近幾年，美國(guó)可再生能源開(kāi)發(fā)的主要聯(lián)邦級(jí)推動(dòng)力包括：生產(chǎn)退稅（PTC）、投資退稅（ITC）和國(guó)家財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼計(jì)劃；以及稅收加速折舊?？稍偕茉撮_(kāi)發(fā)的主要州級(jí)推動(dòng)力包括州級(jí)RPS計(jì)劃，以及各種州級(jí)現(xiàn)金激勵(lì)計(jì)劃。此外，本文中還包括其他聯(lián)邦級(jí)和州級(jí)計(jì)劃，該類計(jì)劃對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)可再生能源設(shè)備的制造提供了支持，其中包括：（1）聯(lián)邦貸款擔(dān)保計(jì)劃；（2）聯(lián)邦生產(chǎn)退稅；（3）聯(lián)邦與地方財(cái)政激勵(lì)計(jì)劃，鼓勵(lì)制造可再生能源設(shè)備；以及（4）聯(lián)邦與州級(jí)研發(fā)基金。
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