中國城市經(jīng)過改革開放30多年的發(fā)展，特別是自上世紀90年代后期至今，在機動化快速發(fā)展的推動下，城市的規(guī)模、開發(fā)模式、用地構(gòu)成、交通運行狀態(tài)、交通設(shè)施與交通組織都發(fā)生了天翻地覆的變化。作為城市交通組織核心的城市道路系統(tǒng)，也隨著城市的快速發(fā)展在組織功能、設(shè)施等級、道路系統(tǒng)與土地利用關(guān)系等方面發(fā)生了很大的變化。主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：
Driven by rapid motorization, fundamental transformation has been taken place in Chinese urban scale, development mode, land use composition, traffic operating conditions, traffic facilities and traffic organization in the past three decades of reform and opening-up, particularly from the late 1990’s till now. Urban road system, as the core of urban traffic organization, also varies significantly amid the rapid urban development in terms of organization function, facility class, relationship between road system and land use, which are mainly manifested by the following facts:
大城市中心城區(qū)職能變化，導(dǎo)致中心城的交通活動特征變化。服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，原先的工業(yè)用地被改造為城市的服務(wù)業(yè)新區(qū)，承擔起城市新興的服務(wù)職能，城市活動、城市交通的目的、分布、運輸特征也隨之而變，相應(yīng)地對城市道路設(shè)施的要求也發(fā)生改變。
Changes of central city area functions in large cities lead to variation of traffic activity characteristics of the central city area. With the rapid development of service industry, former industrial land are transformed into new urban service area and undertake new service functions of a city, so objectives, distribution, transportation characteristics of urban activity and urban transportation change, and requirements on urban road facilities vary accordingly.
城市規(guī)模擴大、開發(fā)模式和城市功能分布發(fā)生變化，要求交通指標的差異化。城市道路需要按照分區(qū)進行組織，對交通設(shè)施的要求也差異顯著，要求針對特定開發(fā)地區(qū)交通特征進行相應(yīng)的交通組織和設(shè)施規(guī)劃，
Urban scale enlargement, changes of development mode and urban functions distribution call for varied traffic indexes. The requirement of organizing urban road as per zoning leads to various demands for traffic facilities, so corresponding traffic organization and facility planning is needed to be carried out based on specific development area.
快速交通系統(tǒng)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)變化。城市交通系統(tǒng)中快速道路、軌道交通作為城市交通組織的骨干，交通組織的方式發(fā)生變化，影響到規(guī)劃的道路級配、密度與規(guī)模。
Development of rapid transit system lead to changing network structure. Urban expressway and rail transit in urban transportation system serve as backbone of urban traffic organization, and changing way of traffic organization has implications for planned road grade proportion, density and scale.
交通機動化發(fā)展迅速，交通擁堵嚴重，環(huán)境要求日益提高。城市規(guī)劃已經(jīng)不可能僅僅按照交通暢通來確定道路設(shè)施的規(guī)模，必須轉(zhuǎn)為通過設(shè)施和交通政策的配合保障城市的有效運行。因而道路系統(tǒng)規(guī)模確定的原則、目標和服務(wù)水平指標也將發(fā)生較大的變化。
Rapid development of motorized traffic brings the problem of severe traffic congestion, which poses ever increasing requirements to environmental protection. Smooth traffic is no longer the only criteria in determining the scale of road facility in urban planning; instead, facility and traffic policy should be coordinated to guarantee effective operation of a city. Therefore, scale determination principle, objectives and service level of road system will also undergo great changes.
譯員：Joanna（品格資深綜合類英語翻譯）
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