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1. 生產(chǎn)水足跡
1. Production Water Footprint

生產(chǎn)水足跡是指支持一個國家（地區(qū)）在其本地產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)與服務(wù)供給過程中所需要的淡水資源量，無論產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)在哪里被消費。
Production water footprint refers to the amount of fresh water resources required in the product production and service supply of a country (territory), regardless of the place whereby product and service are consumed.

2010年中國生產(chǎn)水足跡為1.15萬億立方米，其中綠水足跡所占比例最高，為45%，藍水足跡占29%，灰水足跡占26%。2012年中國生產(chǎn)水足跡為1.17萬億立方米，其中綠水足跡所占比例最高，為46%，藍水足跡占28%，灰水足跡占26%。綠水足跡在全國生產(chǎn)水足跡組成總所占分量最重，綠水一般有相對較低的機會成本，對環(huán)境的負面影響很小，在水資源安全和糧食安全中的具有重要的作用。除此之外，更應(yīng)該重視灰水足跡部分，以減少在工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動中對水環(huán)境所造成的污染問題。
In 2010, China’s production water footprint stood at 1.15 trillion m3, where green water footprint accounts for the highest proportion of 45%, blue water footprint accounts for 29% and grey water footprint accounts for 26%. In 2012, China’s production water footprint was 1.17 trillion m3, where green water footprint accounts for the highest proportion of 46%, blue water footprint accounts for 28% and grey water footprint accounts for 26%. Green water footprint holds the largest proportion in China’s production water footprint and green water is defined by lower opportunity cost and small negative impact on the environment, playing a critical role in water resource security and food security. Beyond that, grey water footprint shall be taken seriously to alleviate pollution to the water environment during industrial and agricultural production.

與2009年一樣，2010-2012年生產(chǎn)水足跡在中國省份間的分布上依然存在著顯著的差異（圖7.2、圖7.3）。這個是和區(qū)域社會發(fā)展程度、區(qū)域生產(chǎn)功能定位、自然地理環(huán)境、人口食物消費喜好等綜合因素共同作用的結(jié)果?？傮w上，在中國以農(nóng)業(yè)為主體經(jīng)濟的地區(qū)生產(chǎn)水足跡高，大型城市、農(nóng)業(yè)不發(fā)達地區(qū)生產(chǎn)水足跡比較低。
As with 2009, production water footprint in 2010-2012 showed an evident difference in terms of inter-provincial distribution in China (Figure 7.2 and Figure 7.3). This is a result of interaction among comprehensive factors, including the social development level, positioning of production function, natural and geographic environment and food consumption preference of the population of a region. On the whole, production water footprint is higher in Chinese regions with agriculture as the mainstay of the economy while large cities and regions with underdeveloped agriculture have lower production water footprint.

中國生產(chǎn)水足跡的空間分布在一定意義上說明了農(nóng)業(yè)是耗水大戶。而糧食是人類生存的根本，水資源對于糧食安全的支持作用顯而易見，但是，不能僅為了保障糧食安全而忽略水資源的問題。除了降雨之外，尤其在地表水缺乏的地區(qū)，地下水資源決定著糧食作物的生產(chǎn)潛力。
The spatial distribution of China’s production water footprint indicates that agriculture is a large water consumer in some sense. Food is the foundation of the survival of the humanity and water resource has a clearly supporting role in food security. That said, we cannot afford to ignore the issue of water resource for the sake of safeguarding food security. Apart from precipitation, underground water resource decides the production potential of food crop, especially in regions where surface water is scarce.