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摘要：通過對不同地區(qū)14個(gè)電子企業(yè)的8300名女工進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查，分析女工的健康狀況與接觸職業(yè)危害因素的相關(guān)性，并提出保護(hù)女工健康的對策。51.9%的女工接觸職業(yè)危害因素，主要是有毒化學(xué)物、噪聲、電磁輻射等；職業(yè)危害因素對女工軀體健康、生殖健康和心理健康造成了不同程度的影響；通過對工作相關(guān)健康影響的分析， 提出了健全法律體系、強(qiáng)化企業(yè)責(zé)任、開展科學(xué)研究、提供專家咨詢與培訓(xùn)等對策。

Abstract: 8,300 female workers in 14 electronic industries from different regions in China were investigated by a questionnaire, in order to find out the relationship between health status of female workers and occupational hazards exposure, and to give recommendations to protect their health. 51.9% of female workers exposed to occupational hazards, such as toxic chemicals, noise, electromagnetic radiation, and etc.; these occupational hazards did different degree damage to female workers’ physical health, reproductive health and mental health. According to analysis of work-related health effects, we have some suggestions, including establishing a sound legal system, strengthening corporate responsibility, conducting research and providing expert advice and training.

Key words: electronic industry; female workers; occupational hazards exposure; health status

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，越來越多的女性走出家庭，參加社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，在各行各業(yè)扮演重要角色，中國從事付費(fèi)勞動(dòng)的女性占勞動(dòng)者人口的45.4%，已經(jīng)超過全世界平均水平42%。保護(hù)勞動(dòng)?jì)D女的健康是保持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的重要因素之一，并且關(guān)系到每個(gè)家庭的幸福和民族未來的健康素質(zhì)。女性在體格和體力上與男性有差別，其月經(jīng)、妊娠、分娩、哺乳等生殖功能均易受有害職業(yè)因素的影響，某些職業(yè)病危害因素可通過母體影響胚胎及胎兒的發(fā)育。目前我國女性參加工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的時(shí)期多為青壯年，此階段中，女工一方面要參加工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，另一方面還要擔(dān)負(fù)生兒育女的任務(wù)。生育年齡期間(15到49歲之間)的婦女健康不僅僅與婦女自身有關(guān)，而且還對 下一代的健康與發(fā)展具有影響。如果她們在月經(jīng)、妊娠、分娩、哺乳等生理過程中，得不到妥善的防護(hù)，就會(huì)對健康產(chǎn)生直接影響，還可能對下一代產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響[1]。

With economic development and social progress, an increasing number of women go out and play a major role in socioeconomic activities and industrial production. In China, women engaged in paid labor account for 45.4% of working population, which is above the world average 42%. Protecting the health of workwomen is a significant part of maintaining economic growth and social stability, and it is also critical to the happiness of every family and the health of future generations. Women differ from men in physical constitution and strength, and their reproductive functions including menstruation, gestation, childbearing and breast-feeding are prone to occupational hazards. Some occupational hazards may affect the development of embryos through mothers. Nowadays, the majority of Chinese working women are young and middle-aged, during which time they have to participate in industrial production and to give births as well. The health of women at childbearing age (aged 15~49) matters not only to themselves but to the health and development of future generation. If women are not properly protected during physiological processes including menstruation, gestation, childbearing and breast-feeding, the health of their offspring as well as their own health will be seriously affected [1].

我國已是全球第三大電子信息產(chǎn)品制造國，同時(shí)，電子行業(yè)是女工比較集中的行業(yè)，約占60-70%，保護(hù)女工職業(yè)健康和心理健康，對于促進(jìn)行業(yè)發(fā)展與社會(huì)勞動(dòng)力的健康具有重要意義。

China is now the third largest manufacturer of electronic information products in the world. In addition, electronic industry employs around 60-70% of female workers in our country. Protecting the occupational and mental health of women workers is conducive to the development of this industry and the health of China’s workforce.

本文由北京翻譯公司品格翻譯提供，未經(jīng)允許，不得轉(zhuǎn)載。