Iron & steel production sees the most pollutant emissions in the sintering of iron ore, a process in which iron-making materials that cannot be directly put in a furnace (including iron powder, rich ore fines, roll scale, and blast-furnace dust), mixed with a certain amount of fuel (including coke powder and anthracite) and flux (including limestone and dolomite), are heated up to XX-XX℃ to make the powder sintered to blocks, which, after undergoing a range of processes including crushing, screening, and cooling, will become finished sinter available for blast furnace iron-making.[1] A great deal of flue gas is generated during sintering, which is responsible for roughly XX%–XX% of total gaseous pollutant emissions in iron & steel production. [2-5]
燒結過程需要消耗大量的燃料和礦石，燃料和礦石中除含一定量的硫分外，還含有一定量的汞、鉛、鉻、鎘等重金屬。燒結機頭排放的高溫煙氣除二氧化硫、氮氧化物及顆粒物等常規(guī)污染物外，其汞、鉛、鉻、鎘等重金屬的排放問題也廣受關注[6-7]。據報道，鐵礦石中的汞含量一般為XX-XXmg/kg[8]。相關研究表明，每生產1噸粗鋼將排放40mg左右的汞，其中XX%以上是以氣態(tài)零價態(tài)汞的形式隨燒結煙氣排入大氣，其余是氣態(tài)二價汞及顆粒汞[9-11]。
Sintering requires large quantities of fuel and ores, which contain certain amounts of heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), plumbum (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd), in addition to a certain amount of sulfur content. Apart from conventional pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxides (NOX), and particulate matters — among the high-temperature flue gases emitted by the head of sintering machines — heavy metal emissions such as mercury, plumbum, chromium, and cadmium are sparking increasing attention[6-7]. Reportedly, the mercury content in iron ore is generally XX-XXmg/kg[8]. As shown by relevant studies, each tonne of produced crude steel means around 40mg of mercury emissions, above 80% of which go into the air in the form of gaseous zero-valent mercury along with sintering flue gas, with the remaining XX% existing in the form of gaseous divalent mercury and mercury particulates[9-11].
污染治理設施對重金屬污染物有一定的去除效果，國內外對燒結機煙氣汞排放有相關研究[12-17]，而對鉛、鉻、鎘等重金屬污染物研究較少，重金屬污染物具有難生物降解，危害程度大、周期長等特點。因此研究燒結機Hg、Pb、Cd和Cr 等重金屬污染物排放特征，對控制大氣重金屬污染，降低生態(tài)環(huán)境和人體健康危害有重要的現實意義。小型燒結機分布較廣，大多數未完成超低排放改造，研究污染治理設施對重金屬污染物的去除效果，可為超低排放控制措施的選擇提供依據。
As pollution control facilities can help to remove heavy metal pollutants to some extent, studies have been carried out in both China and elsewhere with respect to mercury emissions from flue gas of sintering machines. However, there have been few studies out there regarding such heavy metal pollutants as plumbum, chromium, and cadmium, all of which feature difficulties in biodegradation, great harm, and prolonged cycles, among others. As such, delving into the characteristics of heavy metal pollutants (Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr) emitted by sintering machines can be of great realistic significance to control heavy metal pollution in the air, and thus to minimize harms to the ecological environment and human health. Small-sized sintering machines are widely distributed and many of them have yet to complete upgrading towards ultra-low emissions (ULE). In light of this, this study into the efficiency of pollution control facilities on removing heavy metal pollutants may provide a basis for selecting ULE control measures.
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